「農耕民族」と「狩猟民族」 ― 2008/11/27 17:02
昔から、国民性の違いなどを表すのに、「農耕民族」と「狩猟民族」を持ち出すことがあります。
日本人は農耕民族で、欧米人は狩猟民族という図式は、今も昔も変わらないようです。
この二つの民族の対比に、いささか疑問を感じるのです。
もちろん、気質の違いを比喩したものと考えれば、分からなくもないのですが、古代の生活についていろいろと読んだり、考えたりしている昨今、妙に気になります。
単なる気質の違いだけなら、まだ良いのですが、身体的特徴や生活習慣への表れなどを持ち出されると尚更です。
あんまりまじめに考察するのも、的外れな話のような気もしますが、少しだけ考えてみます。
まず、現代における「狩猟民族」とは、実際どこにいるのでしょうか？
少なくとも先進国には、居ないようです。
ごく一部、それらしい人達が居たとしても、それを民族と呼べるかどうかは、疑問でしょう。
すると、例えば、アマゾンの奥地などの少数民族は、狩猟民族といえる人達が居そうです。
狩猟民族の代表である欧米人は？
アメリカの広大な畑で、とうもろこしを栽培している人は、狩猟民族？
話は変わって、第一次産業、第二次産業・・・、と昔、学校で習いました。
「農耕」と「狩猟（漁業）」は、ご存知のとおり第一次産業です。
現代社会の産業区分という意味では、一緒ですね。
古代の日本に目を移すと、縄文人は「狩猟民族」といってよいでしょう。
では、弥生人は「農耕民族」でしょうか？
これは、半分正解で、半分不正解という気がします。
弥生人は、稲作中心の生活というイメージがありますが、稲作だけで生活ができるほど稲の収穫が多かった訳ではないようなので、縄文時代からの生活スタイル、プラス稲作、というのが実態のようです。
そんなことは関係ない、と言われてしまいそうですが、「農耕民族」と「狩猟民族」の実態というか、それぞれの社会の成り立ち方への誤解が、このような対比を生んでいるような気がします。
それは、また次回ということで。
日本人は農耕民族で、欧米人は狩猟民族という図式は、今も昔も変わらないようです。
この二つの民族の対比に、いささか疑問を感じるのです。
もちろん、気質の違いを比喩したものと考えれば、分からなくもないのですが、古代の生活についていろいろと読んだり、考えたりしている昨今、妙に気になります。
単なる気質の違いだけなら、まだ良いのですが、身体的特徴や生活習慣への表れなどを持ち出されると尚更です。
あんまりまじめに考察するのも、的外れな話のような気もしますが、少しだけ考えてみます。
まず、現代における「狩猟民族」とは、実際どこにいるのでしょうか？
少なくとも先進国には、居ないようです。
ごく一部、それらしい人達が居たとしても、それを民族と呼べるかどうかは、疑問でしょう。
すると、例えば、アマゾンの奥地などの少数民族は、狩猟民族といえる人達が居そうです。
狩猟民族の代表である欧米人は？
アメリカの広大な畑で、とうもろこしを栽培している人は、狩猟民族？
話は変わって、第一次産業、第二次産業・・・、と昔、学校で習いました。
「農耕」と「狩猟（漁業）」は、ご存知のとおり第一次産業です。
現代社会の産業区分という意味では、一緒ですね。
古代の日本に目を移すと、縄文人は「狩猟民族」といってよいでしょう。
では、弥生人は「農耕民族」でしょうか？
これは、半分正解で、半分不正解という気がします。
弥生人は、稲作中心の生活というイメージがありますが、稲作だけで生活ができるほど稲の収穫が多かった訳ではないようなので、縄文時代からの生活スタイル、プラス稲作、というのが実態のようです。
そんなことは関係ない、と言われてしまいそうですが、「農耕民族」と「狩猟民族」の実態というか、それぞれの社会の成り立ち方への誤解が、このような対比を生んでいるような気がします。
それは、また次回ということで。
コメント
_ ももこ ― 2009/06/07 08:45
_ jimdon ― 2009/06/07 13:15
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人類の発祥については、大いに興味があるところで、アフリカを起源とする、全世界への拡散の経緯は、壮大な物語を感じます。
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