『質量はどのように生まれるのか』(橋本省二:ブルーバックス)2011/03/22 10:26

 日本人の起源をさらに遡ると、人類(ホモ・サピエンス)の起源となり、哺乳類・・・、初期の生物・・・・、地球の誕生・・・、宇宙の誕生・・・と、どんどん遡っていくと、我々の体を含む、全てのものが何で出来ているのか、という疑問に行き着きます。
 と、強引にこのブログに関連づけましたが、”根本を探る精神”だけが共通することですね。

 学問として一言で言ってしまえば、「素粒子物理学」ということになるのでしょうが、あまりにも小さな世界の話なので、なかなか理解するのが難しいものです。
 恐らく十年近く前になると思うのですが、『エレガントな宇宙』(ブライアン・グリーン:草思社)を読み、少しだけ”超ひも理論”を分かったような気になったときもありました。
 もちろん、当時でもまた現在でも、未完成の理論なので、真実はまだ闇の中といったところなのですが、魅力的であり、今後の発展に期待したいところです。

 さて、ちょっと話がそれましたが、まだ前置きがあります。
 物理学に関しては、難解な言葉や名称が多く、その一つ一つを説明することは困難です。(もちろん、私の能力にとっても困難です。)
 よって、月刊誌である『ニュートン』(ニュートン・プレス)を定期的に読んでおられる方なら、何となく分かってもらえるような書き方にします。そもそも、私自身もその一員です。

 『質量はどのように生まれるのか』というタイトルですが、よくよく見てみると、不思議な表現です。
 私が最も気になったのは、”真空の性質”によって、質量が生まれる、というところです。
 真空とは、”何も無いところ”を連想しますが、どうやら違うようで、”粒子と反粒子のペアが埋まったところ”と考えると。
 この”何かが埋まった真空”に、粒子を飛ばしてみるときに起こる現象が、何とも不思議です。

 真空にある粒子を飛ばすと、
①ペアになって埋まっている、片割れの反粒子と反応し消滅する。(対消滅)
②埋まっていたペアの片割れの、余った粒子が飛び出す。
③その粒子が、またペアで埋まっている、片割れの反粒子と反応して消滅する。(対消滅)
④埋まっていたペアの片割れの、余った粒子が飛び出す。
 この繰り返し。

 ちょっと簡略化しました。①~④で同じ事を2回繰り返しているように見えますが、厳密には飛び出してくる粒子の種類が異なります。
 ④で飛び出した粒子は、最初に飛ばした粒子と同じなので、ここで”元に戻る”形になります。

 結局、元に戻るので、何も変らないのではないかと思われますが、問題は、その”速度”にあります。
 粒子と反粒子のペアにぶつかりながら進む粒子の速度を調べると、この粒子の個々の瞬間は、いつも光速で進んでいる、ということです。
 ただし、進む方向が異なり、ある瞬間は前方に光速で進み、またある瞬間は、逆方向に光速で進む、というのを繰り返しているというのです。
 この行ったり来たりの繰り返しにより、平均すると速度は光速よりも遅くなってしまうというのです。

 この繰り返しが、”質量を持つ素粒子で起こっている事”であり、質量を持つ素粒子が光速で進めない理由ということです。
 これは素粒子の固有の性質というわけではなく、真空に凝縮している「何か」の性質を反映していることで、このようにして素粒子は質量を獲得する、というのです。

 なんだか、訳が分かりませんね。
 そもそも、”真空”に関する説明を省いてしまっているので、普通の感覚で捉えると、「空気のある地上では、異なる現象が起きるのか?」など、質量の獲得の仕方が変ってくるようにも思えます。
 しかし、地上では真空中に空気があるのであって、地上であっても、真空の性質は変らない、といったら語弊があるでしょうか?


 言葉が足りないながらも、今回は結構まじめに”物理学”を取り上げてみましたが、実は、もっとラフにやろうかと思っているのです。
 まったく根拠の無い話は問題外ですが、ささやかな知識と、大きな想像力で、物理学を語る事ができればと考えています。
 (ささやかな知識)×(大きな想像力)=(妄想物理学)
 勝手に考えた公式です。
 そういう訳で、カテゴリが「妄想物理学」なんです。

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