日本語 文字を獲得するまでの１万年② クレオールタミル語説（10）/小泉 保による反論③ ― 2008/10/12 15:35
今回は「名詞の単数・複数と格変化」と、「格語尾が助詞（後置詞）へ変化」の問題を取り上げます。
タミル語の名詞には、単数と複数があり、ともに格変化を行ないます。（以下の例では、一部正しく表記できていません。）
<タミル語の格変化>
[単数] [複数]
（主格） maram 「木が」 maam-ka 「木々が」
（属格） marat'tin 「木の」 maram-kal-in 「木々の」
（与格） marattukku 「木に」 maram-kal-ukku 「木々に」
（対格） maratte 「木を」 maram-kal-e 「木々を」
（共格） marattoota 「木と」 maram-kal-oota 「木々と」
（具格） marattaalee 「木で」 maram-kal-aalee 「木々で」
（所格） marattulee 「木に」 maram-kal-ilee 「木々に」
単数と複数の区別があることは、本質的な文法的特性であり、こうした点について説明がないということは、同系性の根拠に乏しいといえます。
また、上記の格変化表から複数語尾が「-kal」であり、「語幹(maram-)、複数語尾(-kal)、格語尾(-in)」（カッコ内の例は、属格「木々の」の場合）というように、二種類の語尾が、膠着的に接合しています。
まず、日本語には「格変化」自体が無く「格助詞」によって、格を表します。すなわち、上記の単数、主格「木が(maram)」と、属格「木の(marat'tin)」では、「-が」「-の」が「格助詞」にあたり、格変化とは文法的に異なると考えられます。
また、上記の表で複数の属格を例にすると、タミル語の「格語尾（-in ）」が、日本語の「格助詞( -の ) 」すなわち後置詞に変わるということになり、これは言語の本質にかかわる根本的な特徴の変更であると思われます。
以上、小泉 保氏の指摘によると、「語彙の一致」「文法的特性」についても疑問があることが分かりました。
タミル語の名詞には、単数と複数があり、ともに格変化を行ないます。（以下の例では、一部正しく表記できていません。）
<タミル語の格変化>
[単数] [複数]
（主格） maram 「木が」 maam-ka 「木々が」
（属格） marat'tin 「木の」 maram-kal-in 「木々の」
（与格） marattukku 「木に」 maram-kal-ukku 「木々に」
（対格） maratte 「木を」 maram-kal-e 「木々を」
（共格） marattoota 「木と」 maram-kal-oota 「木々と」
（具格） marattaalee 「木で」 maram-kal-aalee 「木々で」
（所格） marattulee 「木に」 maram-kal-ilee 「木々に」
単数と複数の区別があることは、本質的な文法的特性であり、こうした点について説明がないということは、同系性の根拠に乏しいといえます。
また、上記の格変化表から複数語尾が「-kal」であり、「語幹(maram-)、複数語尾(-kal)、格語尾(-in)」（カッコ内の例は、属格「木々の」の場合）というように、二種類の語尾が、膠着的に接合しています。
まず、日本語には「格変化」自体が無く「格助詞」によって、格を表します。すなわち、上記の単数、主格「木が(maram)」と、属格「木の(marat'tin)」では、「-が」「-の」が「格助詞」にあたり、格変化とは文法的に異なると考えられます。
また、上記の表で複数の属格を例にすると、タミル語の「格語尾（-in ）」が、日本語の「格助詞( -の ) 」すなわち後置詞に変わるということになり、これは言語の本質にかかわる根本的な特徴の変更であると思われます。
以上、小泉 保氏の指摘によると、「語彙の一致」「文法的特性」についても疑問があることが分かりました。
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